ansi keyway dimensions. Placement of all text to be read from the bottom of the drawing is called unidirectional dimensioning. ansi keyway dimensions

 
 Placement of all text to be read from the bottom of the drawing is called unidirectional dimensioningansi keyway dimensions Keyway dimensions are specified in ANSI-AGMA 9002 for shafts dimensioned in inch units, and ANSI-AGMA 9112 for shafts dimensioned in metric units

Mon - Fri: 8:30 am - 6 pm EST. Other sizes or keyway cylinders available. Designation - designated as: A parallel key of Type A, width 12 mm, height 8 mm and length 50 mm shall be Parallel Key A 12 x 8 x 50 4. They are also designed to protect a power transmission application by failing first, which protects other component. MS35756ENOT-Key, Woodruff, Steel Alloy, With Keyway And Key Slot Dimensions (S/S By Nasm35756)-Document Status: Cancelled. Their extra depth in shaft reduces the overturning tendency in its keyway. 1) has a stress concentration factor of 3 [42]. 2. post-gazette. Metric keyways are dimensioned by width and depth as measured from the. ANSI/AGMA 9002--B04 supersedes the information from ANSI/AGMA 9002--A86, Bores and Keyways for Flexible Couplings (Inch Series). acquire the Ansi B17 1 Standard Keyway DimensionsANSI: ANSI Approved File Size: 1 file , 310 KB Note: This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus Browse related products from ASME International. 0005-. 2; Thread Shear Area for External and Internal Formulas and Calculator per. COUNTERSINKS AND COUNTERBORES ISO 3293 ‐ Morse taper shank countersinks for angles 60 degrees, 90 degrees and 120 degrees inclusive. For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number. 2-1967 (R1998) - Engineers Edge. ICZW Keyway Broach Set HSS Keyway Cutting Tool for Lathe Metric Size Broaches with Bushings and Shims (22 pcs) 2 offers. 1 If keys of Types E and F from 12 x 8 size. Keyway Width (w) Minimum 5. Just to determine what flange and shaft of pump or motor you have, please see below excerpts from the next standards: SAE J744. 095 . Page 7/11Ansi B17 1 Standard Keyway Dimensions LowellcorpAs this ansi b17 1 standard keyway dimensions lowellcorp, it ends up living thing one of the favored ebook ansi. Deadbolt Type: Single Cylinder. 0640 0. 010Bore Diameter Size Bore. ). Shaft keyways inch agmaMetric woodruff keys key chart dimensions inches din steel iso 6888 Shaft keysMetric key keyway dimensions. The keyway dimensions are also different from the English. , depending on the lock nut size Mounting slots according to DIN 981 HM/HME and HM . Standards Institute means that our sprocket is compatible with any ANSI 50 roller chain and directly replaces out any ANSI 50 sprocket with its equivalent. ANSI B4. Metric standard keyway sizes_联轴器厂家-guangzhou link automation140pcs assortment 30mm keys 16mm x20mm 10mm Sae to metric conversions for hex keys chart imageFwb lengths metric. 750. ANSI Roller Chain. 8750 1. 375 0. Precision lock nuts. 1875 0. Set Screw Type B. Exceeds 400,000 ANSI cycles Medium traffic ANSI/BHMA certified A156. Lg. 2. Keyshaft keyed shaft, diameter 1 7/16 in, keyway 3/8 in x 3/16 inGates belts, hoses, and applications: standard & non-standard shaft key Keyseat dimensions for woodruff keys per. N = Number of Keys (same size) Keyway application design factor K d. 004, -. ANSI Function E0151: Deadbolt thrown or retracted by key outside or thumbturn inside. 2Keyway dimensions metric key js9 iso tolerance per hub radius width depth diameter nominal thru hasn answered question yet been. Save Save 1-0 - ANSI B17. For more information about our standard woodruff keys, call us today at 724. 0625 0. 1-1967 or JIS B 1301-1996 specify sizes and tolerances of the keys and keyways. ANSI-B17. 2 Woodruff Key Size Table Chart ANSI B17. Publisher Collections; Standards Connect; Standards Packages; Selected Standards• American National Standards Institutes (ANSI) ANSI standards . 1 Square Keyway Tolerances Minimum 3. BSR/ASHRAE Addendum a to ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 140-2001 1 (Note: Additions are shown in this addendum by underlining and deletions are shown by strikethrough except when an informative note makes it clear that the entire material that follows is to be added or deleted as a whole. coordinate dimensions due to the direct functional relationship of the 2 holes. ANSI/AGMA 1010-F14. ANSI/AGMA 9002-C14. /Rect. 1. Woodruff Metric key and Keyway Dimensions. 2. Consent to Cookies & Data processing. 5 standard is considered the authoritative guideline for the design language of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T. 8. 1-1943 standard. In order to transmit rotation from the shaft to the hub of gear wheels, pulleys, sprockets, couplings, flanges and other coaxial parts, rigid and frictional joints of various types are used. Height (d) (t) - DIM. Nominal Shaft Diam. Hex Nut (ISO/ANSI Pattern) Hex Nut (JIS) DIN 929 Weld Nut; DIN 929 Weld Nut A2 Stainless; Locking Nuts. 0625 0. PFEIFER INDUSTRIES, LLC. - Series F couplings supplied with 4) All dimensions per AGMA 9002-A86 interference fit bores without set screws commercial standards. 30 3. DIN 6885/1 :- Definition. Add to cart Document History. Each tooth’s cutting edge is a few thousandths of an inch larger than the one before. W is the key width. There is also a calculator to calculate the press fit force, required temperatures for shrink fit. This is especially pertinent when considering that the vast majority of. 1) This Standard defines preferred tolerances for limits and fits for nonthreaded cylindrical features and defines specific sizes, fits, tolerances, and allowances for use where they are applicable. Keyseat Design Tolerances for Electric Motors and Generators. / 2. 000 / +0. W = d/4[clarification needed] H = 2d/3[clarification needed] where. Ann from the top of the shaft, the keyway is shown. Certifications: ANSI/BHMA - Certified A156. keyway width bJS9 keyway height t +0,1 +0,2 2 t 1 h D overall key height 1 ORDERING EXAMPLE SKP 10 W 15. 1-1967, R1989) Metric Square & Rectangular Parallel Keys & Keyways (B. KeyWay. u s customary inch clearance fit and interference web bore and keyway dimensions comply with ansi agmagb143291993-1279043-Keyway broach with chamfer types and dimensions (TEXT OF DOCUMENT IS IN CHINESE)-Customer Service: 212 642 4980. all dimensions in inches. Min. Check Details. See dimensions W and h in Figure 1. 6250 2. Scope- Covers the dimensions and tolerances for parallel keys and keyways. For dimensions in millimeters, multiply inch values, except thread diameters, by 25. 1 Scope. Most likely you have knowledge that, people have see numerous time for their favorite books taking into consideration this Ansi Standard Keyway Sizes Pdf, but end in the works in harmful downloads. Standard Metric Keys & Keyways for Metric Bores with One Key • Couplings (Page 2 of 2) All Types 427-140 Reo a 21 (P eso) oola e el 11 pesees 2 Telepoe 22 a 22 eoo Key & Keyway Dimensions – Millimeters Coupling Hub Keyway Dimensions – Inches Shaft Diameter “D” Key Size Nominal Keyway Width Hub “W” Keyway Depth Hub “T2” ANSI/AGMA 9002-A86 was based upon the design criteria related to bores and keyways in coupling hubs that had evolved over many years of successful industry practice. 1-1967, ASME standard B17. Explore our stock of SDS, SK,. ANSI-AGMA 9002 defines standard bore and keyway dimensions for shafts dimensioned in inch units, and ANSI-AGMA 9112 defines standard bore and keyway dimensions for shafts dimensioned in metric units. Metric key keyway dimensions per iso/rtt3 js9 width Metric plated Metric woodruff keys are supplied to din 6888 / iso 3912 in c45k key. Bore diameters specified as common inch sizes receive standard keyways according to ANSI B17. The inch and metric dimensions here correspond to common values. Axial run-out locating face/thread: 0,06 to 0,16 mm max. The Woodruff Key numbers indicate normal key dimensions. For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number. 00. This is why we allow the books compilations in this website. 5 ADOPTION NOTICE ASME Y14. The keys are square or rectangular. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. 1 - Keyway_Dimensions For Later. 324 Minimum 3. Metric Keyways Dimensions ISO/R773. It proved useful in establishing dimensions and tolerances for custom engineered coupling products. Normally, gear drawings include a table of information, called cutting data, for manufacturing. 002, -. To confirm the status of any standard, identify the replacement standard if it is obsolete and/or purchase the standard please use. Finished Bore sprockets are machined to ANSI standard tolerances with one keyway aligned to the center of a sprocket tooth and with two set screws. 88. . The data in the standard considers commercially standard coupling bores and keyways, not special coupling bores and keyways that may require. HOME; PRODUCTS. JIS B 4258 ‐ Detachable pilots for use with counterbores and 90 degree SIGN countersinks ‐‐ Dimensions 4. 0625 0. 0030. Size Function system Bore D H7 Disengagement torque NmAnsi B17 1 Standard Keyway Dimensions Lowellcorp Recognizing the way ways to acquire this ebook Ansi B17 1 Standard Keyway Dimensions Lowellcorp is additionally useful. . ANSI B17. 1 Size Shaft Dia. The dimension from the top of the keyway to the opposite bore side, “T-dim”, is calculated from (refer to ANSI/AGMA 9002-B04) the following: T = bore + (h kw - Ch) B +0. AGMA ISO 10064-5-A06. • Cost savings because there is no keyway to machine. Keyway Size Chart. Metric External Table Chart Thread Designations Sizes M 1. Socket Set Screws Mechanical Properties ASME B18. 316 stainless steel keys have excellent corrosion resistance, but aren't as strong as steel keys. E-mail: info@pfeiferindustries. 0000 4. All dimensions in inches. 1 Wrench Openings; Ratchet Arm Attachment; Lowell Design Guides Nearly every shaft diameter has a corresponding standard keyway width and depth – this calculator helps you find it. -- ANSI/AGMA 9002--B04, Bores and Keyways for Flexible Couplings (Inch Series) The intent of this document is to offer designers and users of flexible couplings preferred dimensions, tolerances and fits for metric bores and keyways. 000 for all standard keyways BORE, KEYWAY & SET SCREW INFORMATION MECHANICAL P. They conform to ANSI B17. ASTM Book of Standards. ship between shaft size and key size for parallel. Shaft keyway dimensions and tolerances were given in ISO R773:1969. Nominal Key Size W x D Min. 010 -0 KEYWAY. 1. O. Max. ANSI B4. Rather than enjoying a fine PDF in the same way as a mug of coffee in the afternoon, thenDIN or ANSI keyway Ø G Ø F±0,2 A/AF SKP MINIATURE DESIGN | SIZE 1. Mon - Fri: 8:30 am - 6 pm EST. This specification includes index tolerances for multiple keyways. 322 3/32. 1. In manufacturing upon 6885 Information used with permission ot Martin 02007 Shatt Keyseats/Hub Keyways Standard Keyseats/Keyways Sra' IoW Square Keyways Metric: WxHKey W x T2 Keyway American Standard — Inches Shan 6. High-Security Key-Actuated Light Switches. Table 1 details the appropriate key slot and key sizes for various metric bores. 8. Generally, there are two classes of stock available for sunk keys, mainly parallel keys. ANSI Key No. 25 - M 1. Link. 6. Jump to Page . Ansi Standard Keyway Sizes Pdf moreover it is not directly done, you could believe even more vis--vis this life, all but the world. ANSI Function: E0151. 1 Keyway Dimensions - Lowell CorporationAGMA 9002-A86 Inch Bore and ANSI B17. ANSI-B17. Roller Chain Sprockets - A-Type, 40 Chain. 69 inch. Less Full Size Interchangeable Core Starting at: $ 132. Also, T 1 and T 2. Ansi B17 1 Standard Keyway Dimensions Lowellcorp This is likewise one of the factors by obtaining the soft documents of this Ansi B17 1 Standard Keyway Dimensions Lowellcorp by online. 1 standard defines a system of preferred fits only for basic sizes up to 19. 2180 Corporate Lane, Suite 104 ~ Naperville, IL 60563 USA Phone (630) 596-9000 Fax (630) 596-9002 E-mail: [email protected] nut, dimensions in accordance with ANSI standard N lock nuts are available in two series: N 00 normal series and N 000 low profile series: MB:. Shaft (Arbor) Keyway Dimension Size Data - ANSI/ASME B94. The inch and metric dimensions here correspond to common values. Joined: Jun 2009 Posts: 978When installed, these keys fill oval keyways completely, reducing stress on the key and shaft. The keys are square or rectangular. 1 - 2,800 Nm A/A F L/L F R Ø O 1 h7 Ø E Ø O h7 H I depth J K actuation distance see table pin hole for torque adjustment. Key. Min. standards/Din 8187/Din 8188; Iso R 606;ANSI 29. 2 Axial run-out locating face/thread: 0,05 to 0,30 mm (0. 1-1967 (R1998) 3/16 7/32. Dimensions E-156 25 1 ⁄ 8. Check Details. Super-Corrosion-Resistant 316Stainless Steel Cone-Point Set Screws. 1. There’s also an extra key above the right Shift that “fills in” the gap left by turning the Enter key vertically (compared to the ANSI layout). Recommended Hub Keyway Dimensions (mm) Reference AGMA 9112-A04 Standard metric keyway width tolerance per Js9 Imperial Standard Bore and Keyway Info Recommended Bore Tolerance for Imperial Shafts (Inches) Nominal Shaft Range Shaft Tol. NSI Shaft and Hub Keyseat Dimensions for Woodruff Keys per. 238 0. Check Details. 2: Tolerances: KM/KML Metric thread, 5H: ISO 965-3 Axial run-out locating face/thread: 0,02 to 0,06 mm max. Side Fit. 1; Design Fits for Parallel and Taper Keys per. Dimensions depicted in this way will allow the machinist to measure the feature and compare a direct measurement to the dimension. 2: Tolerances: KM/KML Metric thread, 5H: ISO 965-3 Axial run-out locating face/thread: 0,02 to 0,06 mm max. 016 1/64 Keys are tapered along their length. shaft to the center of the keyway. ANSI B17. BS 4235-2:1977, ISO 3912-1977: Specification for metric keys and keyways - Woodruff keys and keyways. 3mm 3. DIN 6885-3:1956. ISO 3019-1. Shaft keyseat dimensions and tolerances. D. Motor Mass Torque Equation and Calculator. Table 1 details the appropriate key slot and key sizes for various metric bores. The keyway is for fixing your sprocket to the shaft to keep the sprocket from spinning. each opening in a facility. 3-2003. Keyseat Alignment Tolerances: A tolerance of 0. Top. Width. 342 Minimum 3. STANDARD KEYWAYS AND SETSCREWS STANDARD BORE TOLERANCES . 6. The shaft keyway and hub keyway dimensions according to ISO 6887 - taper keys with gib head - are equal to those in ISO 6886 When two gears of different sizes mesh, the larger is called the gear and the smaller is the pinion. 0mm metric, standardShaft standard key sizes rectangular gates keys diameters most non std readily available Chart keyway torqueKeyway metric key dimensions standard keyways keys bores shaft hub depth iso diameter engineering table edge width millimeters. Design of Square Key and Keyway. AGMA ISO 10064-1-A21. UL: 3-hour A label. WOODRUFF KEY DIMENSIONS ANSI Key No. ** SET SCREWS D1/D2 - Ø 10 Ø 11-12 Ø 13-30 Ø 31-58 Ø 59-80 I M3 M4 M5 M8 M10 Bores <6mm made without. 4375 Page 1 of 6. 104 0. 1” and Less +. Get In Touch. Keyway Depth. Woodruff key imperial eBay. All keyed Shafting is guaranteed to fit on a bearing, and the ends can be. Customer Service: 212 642 4980. Key Type. 651. Types - The keys shall be of the following types: Type A - Keys with both ends round. This. txt) or read online for free. “B” & “C” DIM. Set Screw Type D. Choose from our selection of 3/16" keys, including over 70 products in a wide range of styles and sizes. Metric keyways are dimensioned by width and depth as measured from the radius of the shaft to the center of the keyway. Key Size. torque* (Nm) T KmaxJIS B 4238 ‐ Keyway broaches JIS B 4239 ‐ Involute spline broaches 3. AGMA 9002-A86 Inch Bore and ANSI B17. In stock and ready to ship. Nominal Size. 1st Edition, August 15, 1974. S. June 20th, 2018 - ANSI keyway dimensions are used in mechanical engineering The square keys for 4 Woodruff keyways and tapered variants are created on milling devices''Specifying Rectangular Keyways mdmetric com June 22nd, 2018 - Specifying and dimensioning metric keys and keyways varies significantly Groove dimensions forAs this Ansi Standard Keyway Sizes Pdf, it ends up brute one of the favored book Ansi Standard Keyway Sizes Pdf collections that we have. Slightly larger than the size listed, these oversized keys offer a tight fit in worn keyways. If incomplete or incorrect provider/NPI numbers are entered on your claims, the claim will be rejected by the Payer. ) max. One set screw is centered on the keyway and the other at 90 degrees. Press it into place for use in high-torque applications or to replace a key in a worn keyway. Standards such as BS 46, ANSI B17. ANSI B17. 8. A. 4 and round result to two decimal places. 376 . In general, the dimensions contained in ANSI/AGMA 9002A86 represented the dimensions and tolerances used within the industry for pre- - engineered couplings. Metric keyways are dimensioned by width and depth as measured from the radius of the shaft to the center of the keyway. 625 +0. 19. WOODRUFF KEY DIMENSIONS ANSI Key No. Searching by product type is more specific, and asks for detailed values such as pitch and the number of teeth. All the standards recognize this and specify tolerances for. favorite books behind this Ansi B17 1 Standard Keyway Dimensions Lowellcorp , but end taking place in harmful downloads. ANSI Woodruff Keys. 88 4 2-6 XX Model Special designation only (e. ways. Keyway Tolerances Width: . Information and documents presented . Max. ANSI B17. Reduce the ID of sprockets, pulleys, and gears in low-torque applications. ANSI/AGMA 9002--B04 supersedes the information from ANSI/AGMA 9002--A86, Bores and Keyways for Flexible Couplings (Inch Series) . Clearance Fit Bore Tol. 1. “B” & “C” DIM. Square Drives for Socket Tools ASA B5. Many keyways are milled directly into a shaft or broached into the corresponding bored holes. 000 +. 1 standard which is based on inch units. 1 Keyway Dimensions - Lowell Corporation KEYSHAFT Keyed Shaft, Diameter 3/4 in, Keyway 3/16 in x 3. If incomplete or incorrect provider/NPI numbers are entered on your claims, the claim will be rejected by the Payer. DRILLING. ANSI-B17. Face Width - Face width is limited in its maximum dimension to allow proper clearance to provide for chain engagement and. Page 1 of 6. 7500 3. 1. Keyway dimensions and set-screw locations. +35 0. In (e), the holes are located from two baselines, or datums. 1. 332 Maximum 3. For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number. Key Dimensions: Detailed width tolerance information is best drawn from the manufacturer. 14. 7530 3. STANDARD DESIGN | SIZE 15 - 1,500 WITH CLAMPING HUB 5 - 1,800 Nm N ISO 4762 Ø B / BF Ø F ±0,2 Ø E h7 Ø O 1 Ø O 2 h7 Ø D H7 R L/LF C A/A F H I depth J K M shown displaced Ø G P Ø O DIN or ANSI keyway optional MATERIAL Clutch system: hardened steel Clamping collar: up to size 500 aluminum, size 800 and up steel DESIGN With. 1-1967 (R1998) - Keys and Keyseats the ansi b17 1 standard keyway dimensions lowellcorp is universally compatible with any devices to read. Unless otherwise specified, the shaft keyway is assumed to be standard. 88 4 2-6 XX Model Special designation only (e. In ANSI keyboards, the left shift key is one large wide rectangular key. 12-2005 400,000 ANSI Cycles Medium Traffic Exterior Interior New Construction Retrofit*Contact your local Baldor office for “C” Dimensions. Unless otherwise specified, the shaft keyway is assumed to be standard. Mon - Fri: 8:30 am - 6 pm EST. This standard presents metric dimensions, tolerances, sizes and fits for straight bores, tapered bores, keys and keyways for un-mounted industrial flexible couplings. Are there any standards for Metric bores and / or keyways? There many standards that cover the topics of metric bore tolerances, fits and keyway sizes. Drive Type Fastenings without Taper Action; Woodruff Keys, Dimensions and Application. ANSI/ABMA Std. 018: 4: 0 -0. ANSI Woodruff Keys. 3mm 5mm 5mm 5mm 5mm 6mm 6mm 6mm 8mm 8mm 22mm 24mm 16mm 17mm 19mm 20mm 25mm Keyway Width (w) 10mm 3mm 3mm 1. 314 Maximum 3. It is vital to have the correct fit between the shaft keyway, key and hub keyway. 4660 or click here to contact us. Metric – Rectangular B. 3 Keyseating - The operation of producing keyseats. Inch Square (Preferred) Parallel Keys and Keyways (ANSI B17. com Web site: This standard presents metric dimensions, tolerances, sizes and fits for straight bores, tapered bores, keys and keyways for unmounted industrial flexible couplings. 000 1 1/16”. 5-6g means metric fastener thread series M, fastener nominal size (nominal major diameter) 10 mm, thread pitch 1. ANSI/AGMA 9112-B15 describes sizes and tolerancesKey Dimensions. 25 - M 1. In stock and ready to ship. Shaft Stress and Deflection. Most manufacturers of sprockets conform to the ANSI (American Standards Institute) and Martin conforms to the Type II tooth form as given in the standard B29 . 7500 3. ANSI/AGMA 9112-B15 describes sizes and tolerances for straight and tapered bores and associated keys and keyways, as furnished in metric flexible couplings. Woodruff eliminates the milling around the shaft shoulder where concentricity and stress concentration can be affected. The keyway dimensions are also different from the English system. com Web site: Keyway Bore Diameter Size Bore Reference -0. Key-Depth Tolerance is +. 0007 / -0 0. Order separately Illustration Item Code Description Size ANSI Mortise Cylinders CMB105 Mortise Cylinder, Schlage C Keyway, 5 pin, L Cam 1" E09211 CMB1186 Mortise Cylinder, Schlage C Keyway, 6 pin, L Cam 1-1/8" E09211 CMB1146 Mortise Cylinder, Schlage C Keyway, 6 pin, L Cam 1-1/4" E09211ANSI-B17. Publisher Collections; Standards Connect; Standards Packages;. Metric module, side fit. Without Keyway. An ISO keyboard layout follows the standards set by the International Organization for Standardization and most obviously differs from an ANSI layout by its upside-down L-shaped Enter key that sits. 2; ANSI Shaft and Hub Keyseat Dimensions for Woodruff Keys per. Check Details. Order online or call: Americas: +1 800 854 7179 | Asia Pacific: +852 2368 5733 | Europe. ΔTo (Incl) 3 1/2 Square and 7 Rectangular key widths. 012 in. 875. 1 Standard. ANSI Keyway Dimensions Dimensions Info. This specification includes index tolerances for multiple keyways. • Keys DIN 6885 → Page 842. 4375 Page 1 of 6. 1. To start searching for the correct size and type of sprocket, click the Online Catalogue. ForHigh-Security Key-Actuated Light Switches. Keys and keyways. AGMA 9002-A86 inch Bore and ANSI Keyway 3 1 1 1 7 1 5 3 11 3 9 5 13 4 of 6 PFEIFER INDUSTRIES, Corporate Lane, Suite 104 ~ Naperville, IL 60563 USAP hone (630) 596-9000 Fax (630) 596-9002E-mail:. 11. The height of metric keys decreases by 1 mm for every 100 mm of length. Standard and metric keyway broachesStandard keyway sizes chart Keyway. This standard presents metric dimensions, tolerances, sizes and fits for straight bores, tapered bores, keys and keyways for un-mounted industrial flexible couplings. It will enormously ease you to look guide Ansi StandardQET120: Dummy Lever Escutcheon ANSI 02; QET125: Dummy Pull Plate ANSI 02; QET130: Passage Lever Escutcheon ANSI 14; QET160: Keyed Lever Escutcheon ANSI 08; QET165: Thumb Piece ANSI 05; QET167: Dummy Thumb Piece ANSI 02; QET170: Night Latch Lever Escutcheon ANSI 09; QET175: Night Latch Pull ANSI 03; QET190: Flat. 469 Minimum 3. PFEIFER INDUSTRIES, LLC. 1 Recommended uniform relationship between shaft diameter and key sizes for parallel and taper keys. -lbs.